2月15日(ri),國家文(wen)物局在京召開“考古(gu)中國”重大項(xiang)目(mu)重要進展工作會,通報了河北尚義四(si)臺遺(yi)址(zhi)、云南晉寧古(gu)城村遺(yi)址(zhi)、甘肅(su)禮縣四(si)角坪遺(yi)址(zhi)、寧夏賀(he)蘭蘇峪(yu)口瓷窯遺(yi)址(zhi)、內蒙古(gu)巴林左旗遼上(shang)京遺(yi)址(zhi)等5項(xiang)重要考古(gu)成(cheng)果(guo)。國家文(wen)物局副(fu)局長關強主(zhu)持會議。
尚(shang)義四(si)臺遺(yi)(yi)(yi)址(zhi)第一、二(er)組(zu)(zu)遺(yi)(yi)(yi)存(cun)(cun)初步判斷為(wei)一支新的(de)(de)(de)考古(gu)學文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua),考古(gu)所見成(cheng)組(zu)(zu)房(fang)址(zhi)實證了(le)(le)北方地(di)(di)區(qu)(qu)早(zao)(zao)(zao)期(qi)定居(ju)村落的(de)(de)(de)出現(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian),展現(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)出人類生存(cun)(cun)方式從(cong)舊石(shi)器(qi)時代(dai)的(de)(de)(de)流動性(xing)棲居(ju)到新石(shi)器(qi)時代(dai)早(zao)(zao)(zao)期(qi)逐漸(jian)定居(ju)的(de)(de)(de)發(fa)(fa)展轉變(bian),細石(shi)器(qi)工業(ye)繼承自泥(ni)河灣(wan)盆(pen)地(di)(di)一萬(wan)余年的(de)(de)(de)楔(xie)形細石(shi)核技(ji)(ji)術(shu)傳統(tong),表現(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)出文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)與人群的(de)(de)(de)連續性(xing),為(wei)中(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)北方舊、新石(shi)器(qi)時代(dai)過渡研(yan)究(jiu)提(ti)(ti)供了(le)(le)典型(xing)(xing)和直(zhi)接的(de)(de)(de)證據(ju)。晉(jin)寧古(gu)城(cheng)村遺(yi)(yi)(yi)址(zhi)是首(shou)次(ci)在滇文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)核心區(qu)(qu)內發(fa)(fa)現(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)的(de)(de)(de)一處(chu)完(wan)整的(de)(de)(de)商周時期(qi)環(huan)壕聚落,文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)特征鮮明,代(dai)表了(le)(le)一個早(zao)(zao)(zao)于滇文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)的(de)(de)(de)考古(gu)學文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua),是探(tan)索(suo)滇文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)來源(yuan)的(de)(de)(de)重(zhong)要線(xian)索(suo),為(wei)構(gou)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)云(yun)南地(di)(di)區(qu)(qu)商周時期(qi)考古(gu)學文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)體系(xi),研(yan)究(jiu)滇文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)出現(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)之前(qian)滇池地(di)(di)區(qu)(qu)的(de)(de)(de)聚落形態(tai)、生業(ye)模(mo)(mo)式、族群構(gou)成(cheng)、古(gu)滇池環(huan)境(jing)變(bian)遷等重(zhong)要問題提(ti)(ti)供了(le)(le)關鍵性(xing)證據(ju)。禮(li)(li)縣四(si)角坪遺(yi)(yi)(yi)址(zhi)為(wei)一處(chu)秦(qin)代(dai)大(da)(da)型(xing)(xing)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)遺(yi)(yi)(yi)址(zhi),由中(zhong)(zhong)部(bu)方形夯土(tu)臺基、土(tu)臺四(si)邊(bian)正對(dui)的(de)(de)(de)四(si)組(zu)(zu)附屬建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)以(yi)及四(si)角曲尺形附屬建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)組(zu)(zu)成(cheng),整體呈明顯的(de)(de)(de)中(zhong)(zhong)心對(dui)稱(cheng)格局,層級分明、秩序井然,初步推測可(ke)能為(wei)一組(zu)(zu)與祭祀相關的(de)(de)(de)禮(li)(li)制性(xing)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu),對(dui)于研(yan)究(jiu)秦(qin)代(dai)政治、禮(li)(li)儀制度以(yi)及建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)歷(li)(li)史(shi)(shi)(shi)等具有重(zhong)要的(de)(de)(de)學術(shu)價值(zhi)。賀蘭蘇峪(yu)口(kou)瓷(ci)(ci)窯(yao)遺(yi)(yi)(yi)址(zhi)是目前(qian)發(fa)(fa)現(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)最早(zao)(zao)(zao)的(de)(de)(de)西(xi)夏(xia)瓷(ci)(ci)窯(yao)址(zhi),揭示了(le)(le)一個全新的(de)(de)(de)窯(yao)業(ye)類型(xing)(xing),首(shou)次(ci)在浙江上(shang)林(lin)湖以(yi)外地(di)(di)區(qu)(qu)發(fa)(fa)現(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)大(da)(da)規(gui)(gui)模(mo)(mo)用釉封匣(xia)缽口(kou)的(de)(de)(de)裝燒技(ji)(ji)術(shu),首(shou)次(ci)在西(xi)北地(di)(di)區(qu)(qu)發(fa)(fa)現(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)在瓷(ci)(ci)胎、瓷(ci)(ci)釉和匣(xia)缽中(zhong)(zhong)大(da)(da)量使用石(shi)英的(de)(de)(de)制瓷(ci)(ci)技(ji)(ji)術(shu),填補了(le)(le)西(xi)北地(di)(di)區(qu)(qu)精(jing)細白瓷(ci)(ci)燒造的(de)(de)(de)空(kong)白。遺(yi)(yi)(yi)址(zhi)復雜(za)的(de)(de)(de)窯(yao)業(ye)面貌也反映了(le)(le)兩宋與西(xi)夏(xia)經濟、文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)交往交流的(de)(de)(de)歷(li)(li)史(shi)(shi)(shi)。巴林(lin)左旗(qi)遼(liao)(liao)上(shang)京(jing)遺(yi)(yi)(yi)址(zhi)發(fa)(fa)現(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)的(de)(de)(de)一號建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)基址(zhi),是遼(liao)(liao)上(shang)京(jing)皇城(cheng)南部(bu)區(qu)(qu)域內規(gui)(gui)模(mo)(mo)最大(da)(da)的(de)(de)(de)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)基址(zhi),該建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)在遼(liao)(liao)金兩代(dai)經歷(li)(li)過三次(ci)大(da)(da)規(gui)(gui)模(mo)(mo)營建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian),建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)軸線(xian)、朝(chao)向沿用未變(bian),建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)規(gui)(gui)模(mo)(mo)超過了(le)(le)目前(qian)發(fa)(fa)掘所見的(de)(de)(de)遼(liao)(liao)代(dai)宮(gong)(gong)城(cheng)內宮(gong)(gong)殿建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu),推斷應為(wei)都城(cheng)內極為(wei)重(zhong)要的(de)(de)(de)皇家建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu),根(gen)據(ju)《遼(liao)(liao)史(shi)(shi)(shi)》記載,遼(liao)(liao)上(shang)京(jing)皇城(cheng)西(xi)南分布孔廟、國(guo)子監、寺(si)院和道觀等遼(liao)(liao)代(dai)早(zao)(zao)(zao)期(qi)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu),為(wei)確(que)認一號建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)設基址(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)性(xing)質提(ti)(ti)供了(le)(le)線(xian)索(suo)。
此(ci)次通(tong)報的(de)5項重要成果,是中(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)史(shi)(shi)前(qian)文(wen)化(hua)與社會發展(zhan)、國(guo)家禮(li)儀與祭祀制度、手工業技(ji)術(shu)、都城建筑營造的(de)生動體現,展(zhan)現了中(zhong)(zhong)華(hua)文(wen)明(ming)輝煌燦爛的(de)歷(li)史(shi)(shi)成就。國(guo)家文(wen)物局將持續推(tui)進“考古(gu)中(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)”重大項目,深化(hua)考古(gu)成果價值研(yan)究闡(chan)釋,更加完整準確地講述中(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)古(gu)代歷(li)史(shi)(shi),發揮(hui)以(yi)史(shi)(shi)育人作用。
與會專家(jia)對5項(xiang)重(zhong)要(yao)成果進行點評。國(guo)家(jia)文(wen)物(wu)局考(kao)古司、國(guo)家(jia)文(wen)物(wu)局考(kao)古研究中心(xin)有(you)關負責同志參加會議。